Short-term outcomes include decreased waist circumference and plasma glucose levels, increased knowledge, and improved diet and physical activity. Long-term outcomes include weight loss, reduced risk of diabetes, improved lipid profiles, enhanced pancreatic function, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased body fat mass.
Participants with high CVH status had significantly lower all-cause mortality rates compared to those with moderate and low CVH. The study found a protective effect of improved CVH health behaviors on mortality outcomes in prediabetic patients.
Metformin showed greater improvements than exercise in HbA1c, fasting glucose, and insulin levels, while exercise was more effective in prediabetes cases. The combination of exercise and metformin was more effective than exercise alone in improving HbA1c and fasting glucose.
The study aims to demonstrate a reduction in albuminuria by at least 20% compared to placebo, improvement in kidney function, resolution of microalbuminuria, and prevention of progression to type 2 diabetes.
Expected positive outcomes include improved visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, central visual field, and reduced diabetic retinopathy status among participants.
The intervention led to a significant increase in the uptake of preventive treatment for prediabetes, with 11.6% of patients in the intervention clinic receiving treatment compared to 6.7% in the control clinic (p<0.001). Additionally, more patients reported discussions about prediabetes with their primary care clinicians (60% vs. 48%, p=0.002) and felt that their opinions were valued, indicating improved patient-clinician communication and understanding.
The primary outcome is the reduction in the incidence of T2D in the intervention group compared to usual care after three years. Secondary outcomes include improvements in biochemical markers, anthropometric measurements, and behavioral changes related to diet and physical activity.
The study found that metformin users had reduced inpatient admissions and lower medical expenditures; however, these effects were attributed to residual confounding related to overall health rather than the medication itself.
Caloric restriction was found to be the most effective for weight loss and waist circumference reduction. Low-carbohydrate diets were effective for body mass index and high-density lipoprotein levels, while low-glycemic-index diets improved total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels.
High-risk individuals showed a significant reduction in post-challenge glucose levels, liver fat content, and cardiovascular risk, with a higher probability of normalizing glucose tolerance after 3 years compared to conventional LI.
In patients with prediabetes, metformin use was associated with a lower rate of COVID-19 severity, with odds ratios indicating reduced severity of mild ED or worse and moderate or worse cases compared to control users of levothyroxine.
53% of participants using FMD showed improved glycaemic management compared to 8% in the control group, with a significant reduction in the need for glucose-lowering medication.
Positive outcomes include improved maternal glucose tolerance by gestational week 28, enhanced cardiometabolic health for both mothers and their newborns, and increased likelihood of adherence to a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy.
All ketone supplements raised blood β-OHB levels, with the highest increase observed after ingestion of the ketone monoester. Blood glucose levels were similarly reduced across all supplements.
Expected positive outcomes include improved glycemic control, better gut health, and enhanced metabolic markers in prediabetic adults consuming almonds compared to those on traditional snacks.
Significant improvements were observed in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, insulin sensitivity, fasting plasma insulin, and C-reactive protein in the treatment group compared to the placebo group, particularly in participants with lower baseline HbA1c levels (<6% HbA1c).
EVOO treatment resulted in decreased weight, BMI, blood glucose levels, and improved inflammatory and oxidative status compared to common olive oil.
Fasting plasma glucose levels remained stable and were not significantly affected by prolonged walking, indicating that walking does not alter the reliability of fasting glucose measurements for monitoring glycaemic control.
High predictive accuracy for identifying metabolic subphenotypes with auROCs of 95% for insulin resistance, 89% for β-cell deficiency, and 88% for incretin defect; practical and scalable method for risk stratification and targeted treatment.
Both treatment groups showed similar rates of pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, macrosomia, and perinatal mortality, indicating that both insulin and metformin can be effective in managing GDM. However, women in the metformin group experienced significantly less weight gain during treatment.
Morning exercise significantly lowered acute glucose levels, especially when metformin was taken before breakfast, leading to improved glycaemic control over the trial period.
The study found that women using diet plus metformin had significantly higher mean glucose levels and greater variability in glucose levels compared to those using diet alone. Additionally, higher protein intake was associated with lower mean glucose levels and total area under the curve (AUC) for glucose.
The study found that prediabetic individuals exhibited lower beta cell function and insulin sensitivity from an early age, indicating a need for early intervention to prevent diabetes.
Bempedoic acid significantly lowered LDL-C, total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and hsCRP in both MetS and non-MetS patients, with greater LDL-C reductions observed in patients with MetS. Additionally, it improved glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose levels specifically in patients with MetS.
No significant differences in glycaemic control were observed across the different carbohydrate intake levels, indicating that modest changes in carbohydrate content do not influence glucose concentrations in T2D patients.
Liraglutide and diet led to weight loss, improved insulin resistance, and reduced levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and the inflammatory chemokine MCP-1. However, no significant changes in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were observed.
The treatment resulted in a cost saving of CAN$23,542 and an increase of 5.78 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared to placebo, indicating that low-dose pioglitazone is a dominant strategy in this population.
SGLT2 inhibitor users showed a significantly lower risk of myocardial infarction (HR: 0.34), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.53), and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.21) compared to DPP4 inhibitor users.
Patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors showed significantly lower incidences of new onset cataracts (4.54% vs. 6.64%) and diabetic retinopathy (3.65% vs. 6.19%) compared to those treated with DPP4 inhibitors. The hazard ratios indicated a 33% lower risk for cataracts and a 43% lower risk for diabetic retinopathy in SGLT2I users.